A guide to controlling cystic fibrosis through diet

Over 33,000 children in North America suffer from cyctic fibrosis, which affects the glands that produce mucus, sweat, enzymes and other secretions. Check out this guide to learn more about controlling cyctic fibrosis through a healthy diet.

• The most serious consequences of cyctic fibrosis occur in the lungs, pancreas and intestines, all of which become clogged with mucus. The congested lungs are vulnerable to pneumonia and infections.
• When the ducts that normally carry pancreatic enzymes to the small intestine become clogged, digestive problems and a difficulty in breaking down fats and protein results.
• Lots of salt is lost in sweat and saliva, which can lead to imbalances in body chemistry.
• At the moment there is no cure for cystic fibrosis. Instead, a combination of an enriched diet, vitamin supplements, replacement enzymes, antibiotics and other medications, and regular drainage of the lungs has greatly improved the outlook for people with the disease.
• It's important to understand that the nutritional needs of a person with cystic fibrosis vary hugely from those of a healthy person. Some people with cystic fibrosis may develop diabetes if the clogged pancreas can no longer make adequate insulin. In such cases, insulin injections are added.

Diet is critical in managing cystic fibrosis. To grow properly, children with cystic fibrosis typically need to consume many more calories than are normally recommended. In the past it was almost impossible to meet these calorie demands because of the body's inability to digest fats and protein. The development of improved enzyme pills or powder to supplement those normally produced by the ­pancreas has helped solve this problem. These supplements must be taken with every meal and snack.

• Bigger portions. There is no special diet; the child is encouraged to take larger portions during meals and have more frequent snacks. Babies with the disease may be given a formula that contains pre-digested fats.
• More protein and fats. For older children, high-protein foods like meat, poultry, fish, eggs and milk, are emphasized — and as much fat as the child can tolerate. Fats provide more calories per unit than other nutrients, so they are a critical source of energy. The body also needs fat in order to absorb vitamins A, D, E and K.
• Vitamin and mineral supplements. These are often necessary, but should be taken only under the supervision of a doctor.
• More sodium. Cystic fibrosis affects the sweat and salivary glands, so salt is essential, especially during hot weather or exercise, when it may be necessary to consume extra salt. Otherwise, adding moderate amounts to flavour foods should be enough for adequate sodium levels.
• Supplements. If problems develop despite taking enzymes, supplements of pre-digested fats (and in some cases, calorie-enriched supplements) may be prescribed.

• People with cystic fibrosis should consume starchy foods, and fluids to prevent constipation.
• They should avoid low-calorie products.
• In the absence of diabetes, it's not necessary to restrict sugary foods. These simple carbohydrates are more easily absorbed than starches. However, sweet snacks should be accompanied by protein to provide balance and the amino acids needed for growth, immune function and the maintenance of body tissue.
• Constipation and even intestinal obstruction are common in cystic fibrosis. It's important to consume adequate water and other fluids, but high-fibre foods are not recommended. A doctor may prescribe a laxative to prevent constipation.

Help control cystic fibrosis with a healthy and well-rounded diet. Just make sure to discuss any dietary changes with your doctor.